Bilamana
reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, ini disebut direct speech
(kalimat langsung). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that”
melainkan harus ditandai dengan (tanda baca) koma.
Bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok
kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya
ini disebut indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung). Dalam indirect speech
kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.
Bentuk waktu
reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus
diubah berdasarkan atas bentuk waktu reporting verb.
Dua cara
perubahan bentuk waktu pada reported speech :
Peraturan I
Kalau
reporting verb itu past tense, bentuk waktu kata kerja dalam reported speech
itu harus diubah ke dalam salah satu dari empat bentuk past tense.
Direct
Speech – Indirect Speech
Simple
present – menjadi – Simple past
He said ”
The woman comes “ He said that the woman came
Dari contoh
di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech
sebagai berikut :
Direct
Speech
Simple
present
Present
continuous
Present
perfect
Present
perfect continuous
Simple
past
Past
continuous
Future
Present
|
Indirect
Speech
Simple
past
Past
continuous
Past
perfect
Past
perfect continuous
Past
perfect
Past
perfect continuous
Past
Past
|
Kekecualian
:
Kalau
reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi
kebiasaan,
present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke
dalam
bentuk
lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanmya, contoh :
Direct
Speech – Indirect Speech
He said,
“The sun rises in the east” – He said that the sun rises in the east
Dalam
reported speech, bila present tense diubah ke dalam past tense dengan peraturan
I, kata sifat, kata kerja atau kata keterangan umumnya diubah:
Direct
Speech
this = ini
these =
ini
come =
datang
here = di
sini, ke sini
hence =
dari sini
hither =
ke tempat ini
ago = yang
lalu
now =
sekarang
today =
hari ini
tomorrow =
besok
yesterday
= kemarin
last night
= tadi malam
next week
= minggu depan
thus =
begini
contoh :
He said,
“I will come here”.
|
Indirect
Speech
that = itu
those =
itu
go = pergi
there = di
sana, ke sana
thence =
dari sana
thither =
ke tempat itu
before =
lebih dahulu
then =
pada waktu itu
that day =
hari itu
next day =
hari berikutnya
the
previous day = sehari sebelumnya
the
previous night = semalam sebelumnya
the
following week = minggu berikutnya
so =
begitu
He said
that he would go there
|
Akan tetapi
kalau this, here, now dan sebagainya menunjukan pada benda, tempat atau waktu
ketika berbicara, maka tidak dilakukan perubahan.
Agus said,
“This is my pen”. – Agus said that this was his pen
(ketika
berbicara pena berada di tangan pembicara)
Contoh Soal & Jawaban
1. ‘What do you want?’ she asked him.
2. ‘Are you coming with us?’ he asked me.
3. He asked, ‘When do you intend to make the payment?’
4. ‘Do you come from China?’ said the prince to the girl.
5. The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
6. ‘Which way should I go?’ asked the little girl.
7. Alladin said to the magician, ‘What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment?’
8. ‘Don’t you know the way home?’ I said to her.
9. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ the teacher said to the student.
10. ‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ said the judge finally.
Answers
1. She asked him what he wanted.
2. He asked me if I was coming/going with them.
3. He enquired when I/he/she intended to make the payment.
4. The prince asked the girl if she came from China.
5. The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help him.
6. The little girl asked which way she should go.
7. Alladin asked the magician what he had done to deserve so severe a punishment.
8. I asked her whether she did not know the way home.
9. The teacher asked the student if he/she wrote a good hand.
10. The judge finally asked whether he/she had anything to say on behalf of the accused.
Sumber :
·
http://www.englishpractice.com
·
http://grammar.web.id
